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Insulin resistance and the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 53-59 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0255-5

摘要：

Insulin resistance (IR) is a key pathological feature of metabolic syndrome and subsequently causes serious health problems with an increased risk of several common metabolic disorders. IR related metabolic disturbance is not restricted to carbohydrates but impacts global metabolic network. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), namely valine, leucine and isoleucine, are among the nine essential amino acids, accounting for 35% of the essential amino acids in muscle proteins and 40% of the preformed amino acids required by mammals. The BCAAs are particularly responsive to the inhibitory insulin action on amino acid release by skeletal muscle and their metabolism is profoundly altered in insulin resistant conditions and/or insulin deficiency. Although increased circulating BCAA concentration in insulin resistant conditions has been noted for many years and BCAAs have been reported to be involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and body weight, it is only recently that BCAAs are found to be closely associated with IR. This review will focus on the recent findings on BCAAs from both epidemic and mechanistic studies.

关键词： branched-chain amino acids     leucine     isoleucine     valine     insulin resistance    

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Catalytic conversion of biomass-derived compounds to various amino acids: status and perspectives

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第7期   页码 817-829 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2254-z

摘要： Amino acids are important nitrogen-containing chemicals that have a variety of applications. Currently, fermentation is the widely employed method to produce amino acids; however, the products are mostly limited to natural amino acids in the L-configuration. Catalytic synthesis is an alternative approach for the synthesis of amino acids with different types and configurations, where the use of renewable biomass-based feedstocks is highly attractive. To date, several lignocellulose and triacylglycerol-derived intermediates, typically α-keto acids and α-hydroxyl acids, have been transformed into amino acids via the amination reaction in the presence of additional nitrogen sources (i.e., NH3·H2O). Making full use of inherent nitrogen in biomass (i.e., chitin and protein) to produce amino acids avoids the use of extra nitrogen sources and meets the requirements of green chemistry, which is attracting increasing attention. In this review, we summarize different chemical-catalytic systems for the transformation of biomass to amino acids. An outlook on the challenges and opportunities for more effective production of amino acids from biomass by catalytic methods is provided.

关键词： biomass     amino acids     chitin     nitrogen-containing compounds     lignocellulose    

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Anaerobic digestion of sludge by different pretreatments: Changes of amino acids and microbial community

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1458-7

摘要：

•Tryptophan protein, and aromatic protein I/II were the key identified proteins.

关键词： Sludge pretreatments     Dissolved organic nitrogen     Proteins     Amino acids     Structural equation model     Metagenomic sequencing analysis.    

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Insights into the changes of amino acids, microbial community, and enzymatic activities related with

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1635-y

摘要：

● The highest seed germination index was achieved at 0.3 g/g total solids of food waste.

关键词： Composting     Food waste     Amino acids     Microbial community     Enzymatic activity     Nutrient quality    

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Co-fermentation of waste activated sludge with food waste for short-chain fatty acids production: effect

Leiyu FENG, Yuanyuan YAN, Yinguang CHEN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第4期   页码 623-632 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0334-2

摘要： Effect of pH ranging from 4.0 to 11.0 on co-fermentation of waste activated sludge (WAS) with food waste for short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production at ambient temperature was investigated in this study. Experimental results showed that the addition of food waste significantly improved the performance of WAS fermentation system, which resulted in the increases of SCFAs production and substrate reduction. The SCFAs production at pH 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, and 9.0 and fermentation time of 4 d was respectively 5022.7, 6540.5, 8236.6, and 7911.7 mg COD·L , whereas in the blank tests (no pH adjustment, pH 8.0 (blank test 1), no food waste addition, pH 8.0 (blank test 2), and no WAS addition (blank test 3)) it was only 1006.9, 971.1, and 1468.5 mg COD·L , respectively. The composition of SCFAs at pH from 6.0 to 9.0 was also different from other conditions and propionic acid was the most prevalent SCFA, which was followed by acetic and n-butyric acids, while acetic acid was the top product under other conditions. At pH 8.0 a higher volatile suspended solids (VSS) reduction of 16.6% for the mixture of WAS and food waste than the sole WAS indicated a synergistic effect existing in fermentation system with WAS and food waste. The influence of pH on the variations of nutrient content was also studied during anaerobic fermentation of the mixture of WAS and food waste at different pH conditions. The release of increased with fermentation time at all pH values investigated except 4.0, 5.0 and in blank test one. The concentrations of soluble phosphorus at acidic pHs and in the blank test one were higher than those obtained at alkaline pHs. Ammonia and phosphorus need to be removed before the SCFAs-enriched fermentation liquid from WAS and food waste was used as the carbon source.

关键词： waste activated sludge (WAS)     food waste     co-fermentation     short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)     pH     synergistic effect    

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New branched benign compounds including double antibiotic scaffolds: synthesis, simulation and adsorption

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第2期   页码 167-182 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2199-2

摘要： In this study, two novel environmental benign double antibiotic norfloxacin or ciprofloxacin scaffolds included branched molecules were prepared by multi-step routes and purified by simple performance, which were used as the target compounds (TCs). Meanwhile, a single norfloxacin or ciprofloxacin skeleton based molecules were synthesized as the reference compounds (RCs). The molecular geometry optimization and material simulation computation revealed that TCs presented smaller HOMO-LUMO energy gaps and larger binding energy levels on mild steel surface than RCs. The chemical adsorption of TCs on steel surface was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which could be processed by TCs chelation with iron ions. It was shown that TCs could be self-adsorbed on steel surface, which was demonstrated by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The anticorrosion of the studied compounds for mild steel in HCl solution was investigated by electrochemistry analysis. The results suggested that the anticorrosion efficiency could reach 95.86% (TC1) and 97.05% (TC2) at 0.050 mmol·L−1 based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, which were much better than RCs (RC1, 69.23%; RC2, 74.16%). The adsorption isotherms of TCs on steel were further fitted, and a deep insight on adsorption was discussed.

关键词： branched compounds     floxacin scaffold     mild steel     anticorrosion     environmentally benign    

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Valorisation of protein waste: An enzymatic approach to make commodity chemicals? ?

Madura B. A. Kumar, Yuan Gao, Wei Shen, Lizhong He

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第3期   页码 295-307 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1532-4

摘要： Protein-rich waste is an abundantly available resource that is currently used mainly as animal feed and fertilizers. Valorisation of protein waste to higher value products, particularly commodity chemicals such as precursors for polymers, has attracted significant research efforts. Enzyme-based approaches, being environmentally-friendly compared to their chemical counterparts, promise sustainable processes for conversion of protein waste to valuable chemicals. This review provides a general overview on valorisation of protein waste and then further summarises the use of enzymes in different stages of the valorisation process—protein extraction and hydrolysis, separation of individual amino acids and their ultimate conversion into chemicals. Case studies of enzymatic conversion are presented for different amino acids including glutamic acid, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, arginine and aspartic acid. The review compares the different enzyme reactors and operation modes for amino acid conversion. The emerging opportunities and challenges in the field are discussed: engineering powerful enzymes and integrating innovative processes for industrial application at a low cost.

关键词： amino acids     protein waste     reactor     conversion     commodity chemicals     enzymes    

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从我国人民膳食结构演变谈三元结构农业的内涵性改造

张子仪

《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第8期   页码 35-39

摘要：

由于近20年来全国人民膳食中的肉、蛋、奶比重的不断增加，已经在减缓我国人民对口粮的压力方面发挥着巨大作用。为了争取我国人民对动物性蛋白质的消费量达到发展中国家的先进水平，预计在中长期内，我国饲用蛋白质资源将缺口一半；其中赖氨酸缺口更大，走工业化的途径，在入世后很难形成竞争性优势。三元结构农业的内涵性改造，是结合国情国力解决饲用蛋白质资源不足问题的有效途径。

关键词： 三元结构     膳食结构     农业     内涵性改造     氨基酸工业    

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Bile acids and their effects on diabetes

Cynthia Rajani, Wei Jia

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第6期   页码 608-623 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0644-x

摘要： Diabetes is a widespread, rapidly increasing metabolic disease that is driven by hyperglycemia. Early glycemic control is of primary importance to avoid vascular complications including development of retinal disorders leading to blindness, end-stage renal disease, and accelerated atherosclerosis with a higher risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and limb amputations. Even after hyperglycemia has been brought under control, “metabolic memory,” a cluster of irreversible metabolic changes that allow diabetes to progress, may persist depending on the duration of hyperglycemia. Manipulation of bile acid (BA) receptors and the BA pool have been shown to be useful in establishing glycemic control in diabetes due to their ability to regulate energy metabolism by binding and activating nuclear transcription factors such as farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in liver and intestine as well as the G-protein coupled receptor, TGR5, in enteroendocrine cells and pancreatic -cells. The downstream targets of BA activated FXR, FGF15/21, are also important for glucose/insulin homeostasis. In this review we will discuss the effect of BAs on glucose and lipid metabolism and explore recent research on establishing glycemic control in diabetes through the manipulation of BAs and their receptors in the liver, intestine and pancreas, alteration of the enterohepatic circulation, bariatric surgery and alignment of circadian rhythms.

关键词： bile acids     metabolic memory     diabetes     circadian rhythm     bariatric surgery    

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Synthesis and characterization of well-defined comb-like branched polymers

LI Aixiang, LU Zaijun, LÜ Zijian

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 407-411 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0064-6

摘要： Well-defined comb-like branched polymers having one branch in each repeating unit have been successfully synthesized by the coupling reaction of living polystyrene (PS) and polyisoprene (PI) anions with 1, 1-diphenylethenyl (DPE) groups along PS backbone prepared via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of 4-vinylbenzyloxy benzophenone (Sc) followed by Wittig reaction. The resulting comb-like branched polymers were characterized by IR, H-NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and static light scattering (SLS) in detail. The effect of living chains and DPE group molar ratio on grafting efficiency was discussed. The results show the coupling reaction of living chains and DPE groups was highly effective, and the coupling efficiency can be controlled via the feed molar ratios of living chains and DPE groups. Moreover, the effect of molecular weights of backbone (PSe) and PSLi or PILi on grafting efficiency was also discussed. The results show that when excess living polymers were used, the almost quantitative grafting efficiency could be achieved.

关键词： grafting efficiency     polyisoprene     quantitative grafting     effective     molecular    

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Immobilization of penicillin G acylase onto amino-modified silica hydrogel

Weibing Dong, Huining HE, Junbo Gong, Victor C. YANG,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 87-90 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0298-y

摘要： Amino-modified silica hydrogel (N-MSHG) was prepared by a simple sol-gel processing via the co-condensation of commercial silica sol with 3-aminopropyltrie-oxysilane. Penicillin G acylase (PGA), a model enzyme, was covalently immobilized onto the N-MSHG and then was used for the enzymatic synthesis of amoxicillin. The samples were characterized by Nitrogen sorption analysis, FT-IR and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that the amino-modified gel was a mesoporous material with an average pore size of 12.64±0.17nm. The immobilization process was efficient and the immobilized enzyme showed high catalytic efficiency. The yield of the synthesis of amoxicillin in aqueous media was 38% for 2.5h. This sol-gel preparation is simple and shows prominent potential value in industrial processing.

关键词： gravimetric     amino-modified     efficient     Amino-modified     amoxicillin    

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Continuous amino-functionalized University of Oslo 66 membranes as efficacious polysulfide barriers for

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第2期   页码 194-205 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2206-7

摘要： The shuttle effect of soluble polysulfides is a serious problem impeding the development of lithium−sulfur batteries. Herein, continuous amino-functionalized University of Oslo 66 membranes supported on carbon nanotube films are proposed as ion-permselective interlayers that overcome these issues and show outstanding suppression of the polysulfide shuttle effect. The proposed membrane material has appropriately sized pores, and can act as ionic sieves and serve as barriers to polysulfides transport while allowing the passage of lithium ions during electrochemical cycles, thereby validly preventing the shuttling of polysulfides. Moreover, a fast catalytic conversion of polysulfides is also achieved with the as-developed interlayer. Therefore, lithium−sulfur batteries with this interlayer show a desirable initial capacity of 999.21 mAh·g–1 at 1 C and a durable cyclic stability with a decay rate of only 0.04% per cycle over 300 cycles. Moreover, a high area capacity of 4.82 mAh·cm–2 is also obtained even under increased sulfur loading (5.12 mg·cm–2) and a lean-electrolyte condition (E/S = 4.8 μL·mg–1).

关键词： lithium−sulfur batteries     amino-functionalized University of Oslo 66 membrane     polysulfide     interlayer    

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微生物电合成中链脂肪酸 Article

褚娜, 郝雯, 吴清莲, 梁勤军, 蒋永, 梁鹏, 任智勇, 曾建雄

《工程（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第9期   页码 141-153 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.03.025

摘要：

微生物电合成（MES）使用微生物催化剂和电化学手段促进CO2生物转化，也应用于有机废物生物炼制。本文总结了MES 利用CO2 和有机废物产中链脂肪酸（MCFA）的研究现状与发展趋势，对传统发酵产MCFA的基本原理和研究进展进行了归纳。首先，概述了MES产MCFA的相关报道，重点介绍了多电子供体（ED）策略。其次，讨论了MES利用CO2产MCFA面临的挑战，并针对产甲烷抑制、产乙酸菌三磷酸腺苷（ATP）限制、产有机溶剂阶段提供ED有限进行了详细阐述。再次，分析了电化学手段促进有机废物生物炼制产MCFA的潜力。最后，从多级反应、底物供应、产物提取、微生物代谢路径等角度展望了未来发展方向。

关键词： 电发酵     微生物电化学     产乙酸菌     碳链延长     电活性微生物    

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Enhanced hydrogen production in microbial electrolysis through strategies of carbon recovery from alkaline/thermal treated sludge

Ling Wang, Chunxue Yang, Sangeetha Thangavel, Zechong Guo, Chuan Chen, Aijie Wang, Wenzong Liu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1348-4

摘要： Abstract • High hydrogen yield is recovered from thermal-alkaline pretreated sludge. • Separating SFL by centrifugation is better than filtration for hydrogen recovery. • The cascaded bioconversion of complex substrates in MECs are studied. • Energy and electron efficiency related to substrate conversion are evaluated. The aim of this study was to investigate the biohydrogen production from thermal (T), alkaline (A) or thermal-alkaline (TA) pretreated sludge fermentation liquid (SFL) in a microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) without buffer addition. Highest hydrogen yield of 36.87±4.36 mgH2/gVSS (0.026 m3/kg COD) was achieved in TA pretreated SFL separated by centrifugation, which was 5.12, 2.35 and 43.25 times higher than that of individual alkaline, thermal pretreatment and raw sludge, respectively. Separating SFL from sludge by centrifugation eliminated the negative effects of particulate matters, was more conducive for hydrogen production than filtration. The accumulated short chain fatty acid (SCFAs) after pretreatments were the main substrates for MEC hydrogen production. The maximum utilization ratio of acetic acid, propionic acid and n-butyric acid was 93.69%, 90.72% and 91.85%, respectively. These results revealed that pretreated WAS was highly efficient to stimulate the accumulation of SCFAs. And the characteristics and cascade bioconversion of complex substrates were the main factor that determined the energy efficiency and hydrogen conversion rate of MECs.

关键词： Waste activated sludge (WAS)     Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs)     Hydrogen     Pretreatment     Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs)    

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Synthesis and anticancer activity of (+)-nopinone-based 2-amino-3-cyanopyridines

Shengliang LIAO,Shibin SHANG,Minggui SHEN,Xiaoping RAO,Hongyan SI,Jie SONG,Zhanqian SONG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第4期   页码 335-340 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015079

摘要： Twelve (+)-nopinone-based 2-amino-3-cyanopyridines 4a–l were synthesized from (–)-β-pinene. The structures of these compounds were characterized by FT-IR, H NMR, and ESI-MS. All the compounds were tested for their anticancer activity against lung cancer cell line A549, gastric cancer cell line MKN45 and breast cancer cell line MCF7 by MTT method, respectively. The results showed that compounds 4f, 4j and 4k had promising anticancer activity against these cancer cell lines, in particular, compound 4f exhibited broad-spectrum and highly efficient anticancer activity against cell lines A549, MKN45 and MCF7 with IC of 23.78, 67.61 and 53.87 µmol·L , respectively. The preliminary analysis of the structure activity relationship implied that the Br or Cl substituted group of the benzene ring in these derivatives significantly contributed to the anticancer activity.

关键词： b-pinene     nopinone     synthesis     2-amino-3-cyanopyridine     anticancer    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Insulin resistance and the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids

null

期刊论文

Catalytic conversion of biomass-derived compounds to various amino acids: status and perspectives

期刊论文

Anaerobic digestion of sludge by different pretreatments: Changes of amino acids and microbial community

期刊论文

Insights into the changes of amino acids, microbial community, and enzymatic activities related with

期刊论文

Co-fermentation of waste activated sludge with food waste for short-chain fatty acids production: effect

Leiyu FENG, Yuanyuan YAN, Yinguang CHEN

期刊论文

New branched benign compounds including double antibiotic scaffolds: synthesis, simulation and adsorption

期刊论文

Valorisation of protein waste: An enzymatic approach to make commodity chemicals? ?

Madura B. A. Kumar, Yuan Gao, Wei Shen, Lizhong He

期刊论文

从我国人民膳食结构演变谈三元结构农业的内涵性改造

张子仪

期刊论文

Bile acids and their effects on diabetes

Cynthia Rajani, Wei Jia

期刊论文

Synthesis and characterization of well-defined comb-like branched polymers

LI Aixiang, LU Zaijun, LÜ Zijian

期刊论文

Immobilization of penicillin G acylase onto amino-modified silica hydrogel

Weibing Dong, Huining HE, Junbo Gong, Victor C. YANG,

期刊论文

Continuous amino-functionalized University of Oslo 66 membranes as efficacious polysulfide barriers for

期刊论文

微生物电合成中链脂肪酸

褚娜, 郝雯, 吴清莲, 梁勤军, 蒋永, 梁鹏, 任智勇, 曾建雄

期刊论文

Enhanced hydrogen production in microbial electrolysis through strategies of carbon recovery from alkaline/thermal treated sludge

Ling Wang, Chunxue Yang, Sangeetha Thangavel, Zechong Guo, Chuan Chen, Aijie Wang, Wenzong Liu

期刊论文

Synthesis and anticancer activity of (+)-nopinone-based 2-amino-3-cyanopyridines

Shengliang LIAO,Shibin SHANG,Minggui SHEN,Xiaoping RAO,Hongyan SI,Jie SONG,Zhanqian SONG

期刊论文